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Animal Encyclopedia


Blackbirds, Meadowlarks, and Orioles
Icteridae

Bobolink  dolichonyx oryzivorus

Appearance
6-8" (15-20cm). Breeding male largely black with white rump and back, dull yellow nape. Female and winter male rich buff-yellow, streaked on back and crown. Short, finch-like bill.

Food
The Bobolink eats seeds, grains, insects, and spiders. Feeds primarily on ground or perching on vegetation. Swallows seeds whole.

Habits and Breeding
Habitat includes prairies and meadows, marshes during migration.

Breeds in open grasslands and hay fields. In migration and in winter uses freshwater marshes, grasslands, rice and sorghum fields.

4-7 eggs gray eggs, spotted with red-brown and purple; nest is a poorly made but well-concealed cup of grass, stems, and rootlets placed on the ground in a field.

Ron Austing - Copyright © 2005, Ron Austing. All rights reserved.
Bobolink

National Audubon Society Field Guide to Birds, Eastern Region. Cornell Lab of Ornthology Online (http://www.birds.cornell.edu/).


Eastern Meadowlark  sturnella magna

Appearance
9-11" (23-38cm). Robin sized. A stocky, brown-streaked bird with a white edged tail; bright yellow throat and breast. The breast is crossed with a black V.

Food
Insects, especially grasshoppers and crickets, as well as insect larvae and grubs. Feeds on the ground, picking insects from the surface and also probing in the soil.

Habits and Breeding
Habitat includes meadows, pastures, and prairies. During migration can be found in open country.

Ron Austing - Copyright © 2005, Ron Austing. All rights reserved.
Eastern Meadowlark

3-7 white eggs spotted with brown and dull lavendar. Nests are a partially domed structure of grass hidden in a depression in a meadow.

Meadowlarks can be polygamous with more than one female nesting in the territory of one male. They often breed in hay fields adn their nests are destroyed by mowing. Unless the season is well advanced they will typically nest again.

National Audubon Society Field Guide to Birds, Eastern Region. Cornell Lab of Ornthology Online (http://www.birds.cornell.edu/).


Red-Winged Blackbird  agelaius phoeniceus

Appearance
7-9 1/2" (18-24cm). Smaller than a Robin. male is black with bright red shoulder bars. Female and young are heavily streaked with dusky brown.

Food
Insects, seeds, and grain. Probes in vegetation for insects, spreading the bill to look in plants and under objects. Gleans seeds from ground.

Habits and Breeding
Habitat includes marshes, swamps and wet and dry meadows and pastures.

Ron Austing - Copyright © 2005, Ron Austing. All rights reserved.
Male Red-winged Blackbird

When singing to defend the territory or to attract a female the male fluffs the red epaulettes and half-spreads his wings to show off the red to the full extent.

3-5 pale blue eggs spotted and scrawled with dark brown and purple. The nest is a well-made cup of marsh grass or reeds attached to marsh vegetation or build in a bush in a marsh. They will nest near almost any body of water and sometimes in upland pastures. A pair will raise 2-3 broods each season. They build a new nest for each clutch.

National Audubon Society Field Guide to Birds, Eastern Region. Cornell Lab of Ornthology Online (http://www.birds.cornell.edu/).


Orchard Oriole  icterus spurius

Appearance
7" (18cm). Bluebird sized. Adult male has chestnut body and black head, back, wings, and tail. The female is yellow-green; juvenile males are similar to the female but have a black throat.

Food
Coming Soon.

Habits and Breeding
Habitat includes orchards, shade trees in parks and gardens, and scattered trees along lakes and streams.

4-6 whitish eggs with purple scrawls. Nest is woven and pouch shaped made of vegetable fibers and grass. The nest is suspended from the forked branch of a tree or bush.

Ron Austing - Copyright © 2005, Ron Austing. All rights reserved.
Juvenile Orchard Oriole

Ron Austing - Copyright © 2005, Ron Austing. All rights reserved.
Adult Orchard Oriole

National Audubon Society Field Guide to Birds, Eastern Region. Cornell Lab of Ornthology Online (http://www.birds.cornell.edu/).


Northern Oriole  icterus galbula

Appearance
7-8 1/2" (18-22cm). Eastern male, formerly known as Baltimore Oriole has black head, back, wings, and tail; orange breast, rump, and shoulder patch. The Eastern female is olive-brown with dull yellow-orange underparts; two dull white wingbars. There is also a Western male and female, formerly known as Bullock's Oriole. These two Orioles have been combined into the one speicies. The Eastern variety is at Cedar Bog.

Food
Coming Soon.

Habits and Breeding
Habitat includes deciduous woodlands and shade trees. The American Elm was the favorite nesting tree, however the decline in the American Elm has changed that.

4-6 grayish eggs, spotted and scrawled with dark brown and black. The nest is a well-woven pendant bag of plant fibers, bark and string suspended from the tip of a branch.

Ron Austing - Copyright © 2005, Ron Austing. All rights reserved.
Baltimore Oriole

National Audubon Society Field Guide to Birds, Eastern Region. Cornell Lab of Ornthology Online (http://www.birds.cornell.edu/).


Rusty Blackbird  euphagus carolinus

Appearance
9" (25cm). In the spring males are black with bluish and greenish iridescence. The females are dark gray. In the fall there is much more rust-brown, especially on the head, breast, and back. There are obvious pale-yellow eyes in both males and females.

Food
Insects.

Habits and Breeding
Habitat includes wooded swamps and damp woods with pools during migration. They also frequent boreal bogs during the breeding season.

4-5 blue-green eggs with brown blotches. The nest is made of bulky sticks and lined with grass, moss, and lichens. Nests are set in a dense shrub or low tree near or over water.

National Audubon Society Field Guide to Birds, Eastern Region. Cornell Lab of Ornthology Online (http://www.birds.cornell.edu/).


Common Grackle  quiscalus quiscula

Appearance
Coming Soon.

Food
Coming Soon.

Habits and Breeding
Coming Soon.


Eastern Cowbird (Brown-Headed Cowbird)  molothrus ater ater

Appearance
Coming Soon.

Food
Coming Soon.

Habits and Breeding
Coming Soon.



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